Roscosmos
The Russian federal space agency, heir to the Soviet space program that launched Sputnik, sent Yuri Gagarin into orbit, and built the Mir space station. Roscosmos operates the Soyuz launch vehicle and spacecraft, the longest-running crewed space systems in history. The agency maintained continuous human access to orbit through decades of political and economic upheaval, and its Soyuz capsule was the sole means of reaching the International Space Station for nearly a decade after the Space Shuttle retired.
